![]() ![]() (Disclaimer: StudentRDH is NOT affiliated with the NBDHE, NDHCE, CSCE, CDCA, WREB. Our goal at StudentRDH is to make you successful wherever you are! National (NBDHE, NDHCE)+ Local Anesthesia + CSCE Dental Hygiene Boards Review by StudentRDH Want to see if StudentRDH works for you? Start NOW or FREE Trial You feel “ PARAlyzed (food coma)” and need to “rest.” This helps me remember PARAsympathetic with “ REST and digest system.” The sympathetic system is the opposite and is called “ fight or flight response.” Why am I talking about the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system? Because pupil dilation and contraction result from those natural body responses.įeel free to ask anything related to the dental hygiene board exams (NBDHE, NDHCE). Lastly, I just wanted to share how I remember parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Therefore, review this chapter very thoroughly. The dental hygiene board exams (NBDHE, NDHCE) put a lot of emphasis on pharmacology. CNS stimulants: cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine.Here are some drugs that cause pupillary dilation: This makes the pupil (the dark hole) larger – mydriasis. Increased release of norepinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight reaction) causes contraction of the radial smooth muscle. In stark contrast, there are some drugs that can actually cause your pupils to shrink. Drugs that cause pupillary constriction include heroin, morphine, codeine, fentanyl, demerol, methadone, and oxycontin.įun fact: miosis comes from the ancient Greek word “to close the eyes” All forms of hallucinogens such as LSD and mescaline can cause severe pupil dilation. 15 What do uneven pupils mean Pupils that are not the same size are known as anisocoria. The larger pupil allows more light in the eye, which can be uncomfortable but not harmful. This makes the pupil (the dark hole) smaller – miosis (also spelled myosis as you can see in the picture). People with naturally large pupils are prone to light sensitivity. Increased release of acetylcholine by the parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest reaction) causes contraction of the circular smooth muscle. Pinpoint pupils are a common sign of opioid abuse. Pinpoint pupils (AKA small pupils) are exactly what they sound like: pupils that appear abnormally small (or below 2 mm) in normal lighting conditions. The pupil is constricted or dilated by the smooth muscle in the iris. While some drugs can cause enlarged pupils, there are also substances that can decrease pupil size. Any pupil that responds to changes in lighting conditions with 1mm of movement or less can be considered minimally reactive or nonreactive. ![]() Mini Boards Reviews for the National + Local Anesthesia + CSCE Dental Hygiene Boards Exams! Pupils smaller than 2mm in diameter under normal lighting conditions can be considered pinpoint. ![]()
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